TOPIC: FOOT & ANKLE
The ‘Windlass mechanism’, first described by Hicks, is essential for transforming the foot into a rigid lever for propulsion during terminal stance. How does this biomechanical phenomenon actively stabilize the midfoot?
A
Active contraction of the posterior tibial tendon pulls the navicular superiorly and locks the transverse tarsal joint
B
The Achilles tendon rapidly plantarflexes the calcaneus, forcing the cuboid to wedge tightly beneath the navicular
C
Contraction of the intrinsic pedal musculature pulls the metatarsal heads proximally, compressing the cuneiforms
D
Passive dorsiflexion of the hallux at the MTP joint wraps the plantar aponeurosis around the metatarsal head, elevating the medial longitudinal arch and rigidifying the midfoot